Iodine in an element found in nature, and essential to human and animal health.
Iodine is present in our body, essential to the right functioning of the thyroid gland, a small organ located in the neck.
Thyroid gland uses iodine to produce hormones for growing and to keep good health.
All the iodine necessary for thyroid work has to come from the outside.
Oceans are the biggest source of natural iodine: in the air, in the water and in the soil.
Iodine from the oceans comes from the sea dew or in gas state, and in the air it can combine with water molecules or air particles, falling down into the soil or depositing on the plants.
Iodine can stay in the soil for a long time, because it combines with the organic matter in the soil. It can also be incorporated by plants. The formation of thyroid hormones depends of the correct intake of iodine.
The distribution of iodine in the organism depends on the tissue. Iodine transforms into iodide ion, in the small intestine is absorbed and half of it goes to extracellular fluid. The 20% of iodine goes to thyroid gland and the rest is eliminated in urine and feces.
Why are so important the thyroid hormones?
These hormones act in three important steps:
1. Stimulate the heart, increasing its strength and contraction speed.
2. They are in charge of growth and development. During childhood are essential to the right development of the brain and skeletal muscle.
3. Stimulate the energy usage, rising basal metabolism, making us consume more oxygen and produce more heat. This way we consume more calories.
How are thyroid hormones synthesized?
Thyroid hormones synthesis take place in the colloid of thyroid follicle and it happens in the subsequent stages:
Iodine is present in our body, essential to the right functioning of the thyroid gland, a small organ located in the neck.
Thyroid gland uses iodine to produce hormones for growing and to keep good health.
All the iodine necessary for thyroid work has to come from the outside.
Oceans are the biggest source of natural iodine: in the air, in the water and in the soil.
Iodine from the oceans comes from the sea dew or in gas state, and in the air it can combine with water molecules or air particles, falling down into the soil or depositing on the plants.
Iodine can stay in the soil for a long time, because it combines with the organic matter in the soil. It can also be incorporated by plants. The formation of thyroid hormones depends of the correct intake of iodine.
The distribution of iodine in the organism depends on the tissue. Iodine transforms into iodide ion, in the small intestine is absorbed and half of it goes to extracellular fluid. The 20% of iodine goes to thyroid gland and the rest is eliminated in urine and feces.
Why are so important the thyroid hormones?
These hormones act in three important steps:
1. Stimulate the heart, increasing its strength and contraction speed.
2. They are in charge of growth and development. During childhood are essential to the right development of the brain and skeletal muscle.
3. Stimulate the energy usage, rising basal metabolism, making us consume more oxygen and produce more heat. This way we consume more calories.
How are thyroid hormones synthesized?
Thyroid hormones synthesis take place in the colloid of thyroid follicle and it happens in the subsequent stages:
- Follicular cell synthesizes enzymes and thyroglobulin for the colloid.
- Iodine Capture: transport of iodide ion inside the thyroid gland (co-transport with Sodium).
- Organification: iodide oxidation to iodine and formation of iodotyrosines 3- monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and 3,5 diiodotyrosine (DIT), that have no hormonal action.
- Attachhment: Iodotyrosines attach to form thyroid hormones triiodotyrosine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones are ligated to thyroglobulin by peptide bonds.
- Proteolysis of thyroglobulin and release of thyroid hormones to the blood.
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